
Deformable corrugated box with open flaps
Closing box flaps
Paper and cardboard bend along creases and stay bent. A box flap swings on its score line, a sheet of paper curls and slides, a carton dents when squeezed. Where a fold line is known in advance, as on a box, we model the panels as stiff plates joined by hinges along the score lines, which gives exact, repeatable folding.
Free-form paper, such as a sheet, an envelope or a page, is a thin shell with low bending stiffness. All of these ship with the friction of real board and paper, which decides whether an item slides off a flap or stays put.

Closing box flaps

Case erecting

Mail sorting

Picking a single sheet

Shelf stocking and facing

Opening a book

Wiping spills

Food packing
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Physics model